Math 170, Fall 2005    Ideas in Mathematics


This course will cover much diverse material, the time for presentation of which will be limited.
For many of you this will be your first college math course (and possibly the last). Your
responsibilities will be greater than those in high school or preparatory school since some of the
material you are required to read and know may be covered only very briefly in class.
Grading:
Your grade will be based on
Final examination (Friday, December 16, 9-11 am) 30%
Term paper 30%
Midterm (tentatively Thursday, November 3) 20%
Homework and quizzes 20%
Here is a short outline of the material to be covered:
The text for this course is For All Practical Purposes, 6 th edition, COMAP, W H Freeman & Co.
Time will not permit us to cover all the chapters. Some very important material will be inserted
which is not in the book.
The text is divided into six parts. Here is the order in which we will discuss the three that will
constitute the core of the course.
Part I, “Management Science” consists of four chapters and will be covered very rapidly. Chapter
4 on Linear Programming will, however, be supplemented by a short discussion of the
transportation problem, a special case which was partly responsible for the development of the
theory.
Part II, “Statistics: The Science of Data” will be discussed more thoroughly. We will add to the
material in the text a discussion of probability distributions other than the normal or Gaussian
(the “bell-shaped curve”). These have important applications and you will have to know how to
use the tables of their values. In addition there will be some discussion of the uses (and abuses)
of statistics in law and in the courts. You will be directed to sources on the web. (In particular we
will discuss Bayes’ theorem.)
Part VI. “Modeling in Mathematics” contains three chapters of which the first two contain some
very practical information for consumers. The third, The Economics of Resources, may become
an increasingly important issue in national policy.
If we manage to keep to our projected schedule there may be time to include some material from
Part IV, “Social Choice and Decision Making”, in particular, Chapter 16 on Game Theory.

The term paper:

Since this will constitute 30% of your grade there will be some very strict requirements. 

Most important, remember that this is a mathematics course and it is essential that the paper have
some mathematical content. It may, for example, be a discussion of some theorem or theory
(whether discussed in the course or not), or some issue of social policy or a legal issue in which
there is an important mathematical or statistical question, which you must (in some measure at least)
analyze, not merely state. The book has thumbnail biographies
of some people who have been important in the history or applications of mathematics. You may
be interested in studying one of these in greater detail, but a bare biography will not receive a
passing grade. An acceptable paper on one of these must discuss some important work (or
works) of the person in question and demonstrate that you understand its meaning and
significance. It is not adequate, for example to allude to Nash’s famous theorem on the
embedding of manifolds unless you can demonstrate in your paper that you understand what it
means and says. Merely quoting an important theorem is not adequate
Length: The paper must be typed, approximately 7 to 10 pages long exclusive of diagrams or
illustrations, double spaced, and in addition must have a title page with a short abstract of the
contents (not more than a single paragraph). Please put your name, “Math 170, Fall 2005” and
your section and recitation time in the upper right.
Sources: The paper must be adequately referenced; at least four are required beyond the text.
(You may, of course, refer to the text, but it will not count as one of the references.) A paper in
which the discussion of a subject does not go beyond what is in the text will not receive a passing
grade. You may certainly use web sources but not more that one reference can be to Wikipedia.
(The articles in Wikipedia are not refereed; anyone can post or edit one, be he or she an expert or
not. By contrast articles in the Encyclopedia Brittanica and most commercial encyclopedias are
generally signed by recognized experts.)
Date due: Your term paper must be handed in by Tuesday, December 6, at 3:30pm. Lateness
without excuse will cost one grade level, e.g. it would drop the grade from A to A- or from C+ to C.
(The due date is firm because all papers must be read and graded by both Mr. Thompson and
myself before the final exam in order for us to be able to submit grades promptly after the exam.)
In addition, to insure that that the topic and direction which you have chosen for your paper
are acceptable, you must submit to me no later than Thursday, November 17, at 3:30pm a
proposed outline of your paper. I will read these and, if necessary, suggest changes in what you
propose to do to bring it in line with the requirements. These outlines must be on a full sheet of
paper, typed or legibly written (and must, of course, contain your name and section number
and/or recitation time). No paper will be accepted unless an outline has previously been
submitted. The outline counts as a homework exercise; lateness will be penalized.
CALENDAR
Our calendar this semester is difficult because of the Jewish holidays, which I observe. (You
should not expect to see me on a day that is important to me, and conversely, I will not expect to
see you and certainly will not penalize your absence due to any observance of yours.) If on any of
my absence for those who feel that they need some extra review. I will not be available on
Tuesday, October 4 (Rosh ha-Shanah, Jewish New Years)
Thursday, October 13 (Yom Kippur, Day of Atonement)
Tuesday, October 18 (Sukkot, Festival of Tabernacles)
Tuesday, October 25 (Shemini Azeret, Eighth Day of Solemn Assembly; memorial services)
Unfortunately, this takes a large bite out of the semester, which I will try to make up with
generous office hours in which those of you who need more individual attention can get it.)
OFFICE HOURS
I will generally be available Wednesdays from noon on (earlier by appointment) except for a
seminar from 3 to 4, but not on Wednesday, October 12 (eve of Yom Kippur). Also, I will be
available Tuesdays and Thursdays after a class which finishes at 3pm and by appointment also
before our class.
IN CASE OF PROBLEMS
Please contact me as soon as possible if you are having difficulty with the course work or with
something that interferes with your course work. Help is available. You may contact me by
email: mgersten@math.upenn.edu
MISSED RECITATIONS
If you must miss a recitation and can make another in the same week please contact Mr.
Thompson. It is important that you attend recitation each week to get credit for quizzes.
HOMEWORK
Our text has exercises on the web and results are submitted to me. Whenever these are available
they constitute part of the homework. In addition you will submit one or two written exercises
each week.
ATTENDANCE
While attendance is not strictly required be warned that there may be an occasional spot quiz!
(You are, of course, responsible for material presented in class, even if not in the text, such as all
the supplemental material.)

Click for the posting of Bayes' Theorem